Pakistan Illegally Occupied Kashmir (PIOK) has long been a region of significance due to its political and geographical positioning. Over the years, this territory has witnessed a complex mix of political, social and economic challenges, contributing to an ongoing state of turmoil. The unrest in this region is deeply rooted in historical, geopolitical, and governance factors, which demand a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand. The turmoil in PIOK can be traced back to the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, which led to the creation of Pakistan and India as independent states. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir became a focal point of tension as both newly formed countries claimed it in its entirety. A significant part of the region is currently illegally occupied by Pakistan, while some portion is occupied by China and the remaining is with India.
Activists from PIOK and Gilgit-Baltistan frequently holding massive protests against Pakistan, demand freedom and peace. Most recent one at the 54th Session of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, on 25th September. Saw political activists from PIOK, raised slogans against Islamabad to vacate Kashmir and allow them to live a peaceful life. The activists were protesting at a demonstration organised by United Kashmir People’s National Party. The protest was also attended by Pashtun, Sindhi and Baloch activists who jointly condemned extremism and terrorism.
The geopolitical landscape surrounding Pakistan occupied Kashmir is intricate and contributes to the ongoing turmoil. The area shares borders with India, China, and Afghanistan, all of which are consequential players in regional politics. The ongoing border disputes between India and China in the nearby Ladakh region have military implications given their proximity to the conflict zone. Furthermore, the region serves as a vital link for China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). While the economic prospects of CPEC are promising, the project has also raised concerns about its long-term environmental impact, displacement of local communities and exploitation of natural resources.
Another source of turmoil in Pakistan occupied Kashmir is the issue of local governance and autonomy. The region has limited autonomy within the Pakistani federal framework. The political leadership is appointed by Islamabad, leading to a perceived lack of representation for the local populace. Gilgit-Baltistan, although strategically important, faces a similar situation. It is not constitutionally recognized as part of Pakistan, yet it is administered by the federal government. This ambiguity has led to discontent among the locals, who demand proper representation and constitutional rights.
Turmoil in the region is also fuelled by human rights concerns. Reports of arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances and restrictions on freedom of expression have raised alarms. These allegations are often directed at both state and non-state actors, creating an environment of fear and mistrust among the local population. Additionally, the freedom of the press is often curtailed, making it difficult for accurate information to reach the wider world. This lack of transparency further exacerbates the challenges faced by the region. Cross-border militancy is another factor contributing to the turmoil in PIOK. The region has been a hotspot for insurgency and infiltration, with various militant groups seeking to exploit the situation. The Line of Control (LoC) that separates the India and PIOK has been a source of frequent tensions and clashes. The presence of these militant groups destabilizes the region and also creates a stressful environment in the region.
The turmoil in Pakistan occupied Kashmir is a complex issue with historical, geopolitical, governance and human rights dimensions. The unresolved Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan has far-reaching consequences, impacting the local population’s lives and aspirations. To address the challenges in the region, a comprehensive approach is required that takes into account the interests and concerns of the people of PIOK, as well as the broader regional dynamics. Efforts should be made to ensure meaningful representation for the local populace, allowing them to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, fostering dialogue and diplomacy between India and Pakistan remains crucial in order to pave the way for a peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict. In addition, transparent governance, protection of human rights and accountability for any violations are essential steps toward stabilizing the region. The international community also has a role to play in monitoring the situation and advocating for a peaceful and just resolution. Ultimately, the path to reducing turmoil in Pakistan occupied Kashmir requires a commitment to open dialogue, respect for human rights and a concerted effort to address the historical and geopolitical factors that continue to fuel unrest. Only through these collective efforts can the region move towards a more stable and prosperous future. The Pakistani state along with its armed forces and intelligence agencies have been trying to sabotage the development of Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir through a number of dastardly activities including promotion of hard-line elements, conduct of terrorist activities and smuggling of contrabands. These nefarious intentions of Pakistan have found no success in the region due to proactive approach of Government of India, armed forces and security agencies. The region is witness to phenomenal development post the abrogation of Article 370, while the residents of PIOK languish for basic amenities. Indeed, a study in contrast.
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