Kashmir, often called “Paradise on Earth,” has long captivated visitors with its serene landscapes, majestic mountains and tranquil lakes. The region has witnessed a transformative shift in recent years, emerging as a burgeoning hub for adventure and border tourism. This evolution diversifies Kashmir’s tourism offerings and significantly contributes to its economic revitalization and cultural exchange. Kashmir’s tourism is traditionally centred around its natural beauty and cultural heritage. Activities such as Shikara rides on Dal Lake, visits to Mughal gardens and experiences drew numerous visitors. Still, the adventure and border tourism potential remained largely untapped due to infrastructural challenges and security concerns.
Kashmir’s diverse topography, encompassing lofty mountains, dense forests and swift rivers, provides an ideal setting for various adventure sports. Recognising this potential, concerted efforts have been made to promote activities like trekking, skiing, white-water rafting and paragliding. Trails such as the Great Lakes Trek, Tarsar Marsar Trek and Kolahoi Glacier Trek have gained popularity among enthusiasts. These routes offer mesmerizing views of alpine meadows, glacial lakes and snow-capped peaks, attracting trekkers across India and beyond. The Department of Tourism has identified 75 new trekking routes to bolster this segment further. Gulmarg has emerged as a premier skiing destination, renowned for its powdery snow and challenging slopes. The hosting of events like the Khelo India Winter Games has spotlighted Kashmir’s potential as a global winter sports hub. The Gulmarg Gondola, one of the highest and longest cable cars globally, enhances the skiing experience by providing access to higher altitudes.
Rivers such as the Lidder and Sindh offer thrilling white- water rafting experiences. Pahalgam and Sonamarg have become hotspots for this activity, drawing adventure seekers eager to navigate the gushing rapids. Once synonymous with conflict, border areas along the Line of Control are now transformed into peaceful tourist destinations. The ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan in February 2021 has paved the way for promoting border tourism, fostering economic growth and encouraging cultural exchange.
Villages like Keran, Lolab and Machhal have witnessed a remarkable influx of tourists. In a recent year, Kupwara’s remote villages recorded approximately 300,00 visitors. Residents have embraced this change by establishing homestays, offering tourists an authentic experience of Kashmiri culture and hospitality. The reopening of the Kaman Post, known as the Bridge of Peace, has been pivotal in attracting tourists. Destinations such as Uri, Gurez and Tithwal have become accessible, with Uri alone welcoming around 70,000 visitors in the recent year. These developments have invigorated local economies and provided residents with new livelihood opportunities.
The Baba Chamliyal Temple near the International Border has become a focal point for border tourism. The annual fair held in June draws lakhs of visitors, promoting communal harmony and boosting the local economy. Efforts are underway to improve infrastructure and accommodation facilities to cater to the growing number of pilgrims and tourists.
The surge in adventure and border tourism has profoundly impacted Kashmir’s economy and society. In 2024, Jammu and Kashmir witnessed over three million domestic and international tourists. This unprecedented influx has revitalized the hospitality sector, with hotels, guest houses and homestays experiencing high occupancy rates. Porters and instructors are responsible for adventure activities. The establishment of homestays has empowered residents, particularly in border areas to benefit directly from tourism.
Significant investments have been made to enhance infrastructure. For instance, the inauguration of the Z-Morh tunnel in Sonamarg ensures year-round connectivity, facilitating tourist access and boosting local businesses. While the tourism surge brings economic benefits, it also poses environmental challenges. Kashmir has seen over 5.7 million visitors in the past two years, leading to concerns about waste management and ecological degradation. Destinations like Pahalgam and Gulmarg have experienced strains on their carrying capacities. Sustainable tourism practices are imperative to preserve Kashmir’s pristine environment for future generations.
Kashmir’s evolution into a hub for adventure and border tourism marks a significant milestone in its journey towards economic growth and cultural resurgence. By embracing its natural assets and fostering peace in border regions, Kashmir offers travellers a unique blend of thrill and tranquillity worldwide.
