“Feminism isn’t about making women stronger; women are already strong. It’s about changing the way the world perceives that strength.”
– G.D Anderson.
Women play an integral part in society; without their progress, the overall progress of society comes to a halt. Societies in which women experience consistent growth have been known to prosper themselves. It is through the empowerment of women that societies can ensure their own growth as well. The Government of India has been focused on promoting “Nari Shakti” in the country. It is committed to improving women’s lives and removing any bottlenecks that hinder their development. The Government of India considers women led development a central dimension of India’s progress and a necessity for strengthening the nation. In the last decade, the Central government has launched numerous welfare schemes aimed at empowering women and enabling them to lead India’s development journey.
The educated women in India, particularly in the UT of J&K, have a long way to go to enjoy the benefits of globalization in both the domestic and international spheres and to carve out a distinct niche for them in a sociological set up that has been male-dominated. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women have shattered the corporate glass ceilings to stand out from the rest of the crowd. There is a plethora of successful women entrepreneurs who wield an influence in both the domestic and international spheres, contributing to the economic growth of nations. The increased presence of women entrepreneurs in India has transformed the demographic landscape of business and the economic growth of the country. Women entrepreneurs have not only survived but also thrived in this fiercely competitive environment through their hard work and diligence. It is high time for the government of India, particularly the J&K government, to reform policies that support women entrepreneurs, facilitating and uplifting them in establishing their enterprises, ultimately contributing to the nation’s economic growth.
In this article we will make an effort to bring out the factors that encourage women entrepreneurs and examine the policies and programs implemented by JKWDC to promote women entrepreneurship. The Kashmir Valley, nestled in the northernmost part of the Indian subcontinent, has long been associated with stunning natural beauty, albeit marked with political turmoil, and a rich cultural heritage. However, beyond the headlines and picturesque landscapes, lies a story of resilience and hope – the story of women-led development. In a region which was in the past marred by conflict and uncertainty, the leadership and determination of women has emerged as catalyst for positive change. Kashmir has faced decades of political instability, leading to significant socio-economic challenges. Amidst these challenges, women in the valley have often been at the forefront of efforts to rebuild and rejuvenate their communities. The reasons for this are multifaceted Kashmiri women have demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of adversity. They have shouldered the responsibilities of their families and communities, often becoming the primary breadwinners when male family members were in the past affected by conflict or unemployment. Over the years, there has been a concerted effort to improve female literacy rates in the valley. Education has empowered women with knowledge and skills, enabling them to actively engage in development activities. Women in Kashmir have embraced entrepreneurship, from handicrafts to agriculture. They have taken the initiative to start their businesses, contributing to the local economy and preserving traditional crafts. Women play a vital role in community building. They are often the bedrock of support systems, providing not only for their families but also advocating for social and economic change within their communities.
Several initiatives led by Kashmiri women are making a significant impact on the valley’s development. Women’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are a testament to women’s collective strength. They come together to access financial resources, learn new skills, and create livelihood opportunities. SHGs have empowered women to become economically self-reliant. Women artisans in Kashmir produce exquisite handicrafts, including Pashmina shawls and exquisite embroidery. Artisan cooperatives have not only preserved traditional craftsmanship but also created income-generation opportunities. Similarly many women in Kashmir are actively involved in advocating for girls’ education. They understand the importance of education in breaking the cycle of poverty and are working to overcome cultural and logistical barriers. Women are increasingly participating in peace-building and conflict resolution efforts. Their perspectives and determination to end violence have been instrumental in bringing communities together. Yet another sector that has predominantly been women-led is the Healthcare Sector. Women-led initiatives are addressing the region’s healthcare disparities. They are involved in awareness campaigns, maternal and child health programs and improving access to medical services.
Women-led development in Kashmir has the potential to empower women in the region and bring about positive social and economic change. Kashmir, like many other regions, has faced numerous challenges, including political conflict, which has had a significant impact on its social and economic fabric. In such contexts, empowering women and involving them in development efforts can have several benefits. Women’s participation in economic activities can boost household income and reduce poverty. By providing women with access to resources, training, and opportunities for entrepreneurship, women-led development can help alleviate economic disparities. Similarly focusing on women’s education and skill development can enhance their employability and income-earning potential. This can also lead to more informed decision-making within families and communities.
Women-led development can challenge traditional gender norms and promote gender equality. It can encourage women to participate in decision-making processes at the community and household levels, leading to more inclusive and equitable societies. In conflict-affected areas like Kashmir, involving women in peace-building and conflict resolution efforts can contribute to long-term stability. Women often bring unique perspectives and priorities to these processes. Women are often the keepers of cultural traditions and practices. Empowering them can help preserve and pass on cultural heritage to future generations. The Kashmir Valley has long been an epitome of breath-taking beauty landscapes, rich culture, and complex political landscape. Despite the challenges posed by decades of conflict, there is a remarkable story of resilience and determination unfolding in the valley. The Government of India, in collaboration with various state and central agencies, has implemented several schemes and initiatives aimed at empowering women in Kashmir and facilitating their active participation in socio-economic development. These schemes recognize the pivotal role that women play in the region’s progress and offer them support to thrive in diverse fields.
The Umeed Scheme is a flagship program launched by the Jammu and Kashmir government to empower women and promote their socio-economic development. Under this scheme, women’s self-help groups (SHGs) are formed and provided with financial support, training, and access to resources. The Umeed Scheme has empowered women to start small businesses, engage in farming and animal husbandry and access credit facilities. It has not only improved the economic conditions of women in the valley but also enhanced their decision-making power within their families and communities. This nationwide campaign focuses on the welfare and education of the girl child. In the context of Kashmir, where female literacy rates have historically been lower than national averages, the BBBP initiative aims to bridge this gap. It encourages families to invest in the education of their daughters and provide financial incentives for female students. The program is vital in promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment in the valley.
The MSK scheme aims to empower women through community participation. It establishes one-stop centres that offer a range of services, including legal aid, counselling, skill development, and access to government schemes and entitlements. These centres provide women in Kashmir with a safe and supportive environment to seek assistance and build social networks. The NRLM focuses on poverty alleviation through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods. In the Kashmir Valley, the NRLM supports women in forming SHGs and provides them with training and financial assistance to start income-generating activities. This scheme has been particularly beneficial for women engaged in traditional crafts and The STEP scheme, implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, provides vocational training to women to enhance their employability and income-generating capabilities. In Kashmir, this program has equipped women with skills in sectors such as tailoring, embroidery, and handicrafts, enabling them to generate income and become financially independent.This savings scheme, launched by the Government of India, aims to promote the financial security of girl children. Families can open savings accounts in their daughters’ names, and the government offers attractive interest rates. This initiative encourages parents in the Kashmir Valley to invest in their daughters’ future and ensure their financial well-being.
While women-led development in the Kashmir Valley is undoubtedly a force for positive change, significant challenges remain. The volatile security situation in Kashmir poses risks to women’s participation in development initiatives. Hence ensuring their safety is paramount. Women need better access to financial resources, markets and infrastructure to scale their businesses and initiatives. Strengthening legal frameworks that protect women’s rights, particularly in terms of property ownership and inheritance is of paramount importance. Challenging deep-rooted gender stereotypes remains a constant battle. Hence educational and awareness programs are critical to change conservative mind-sets. Women-led development in the Kashmir Valley wields a substantial potential for change and empowerment. The world is watching as these women continue to inspire hope and drive positive transformation in a region that has witnessed its share of trials and tribulations.
Of late, the Government initiatives aimed at women-led development in the Kashmir Valley have played a crucial role in empowering women, enhancing their socio-economic status and promoting gender equality. These programs acknowledge the potential of women as catalysts for change and provide them with the necessary support and resources to lead development efforts in the region. While challenges persist, the government’s commitment and the resilience of Kashmiri women offers hope for a brighter future in the valley, where women continue to be pivotal in shaping their communities and the region as a whole.
